![]() ![]() ![]() Abstraction and stylization also appeared in imagery accessible only to select communities, such as monks in remote monasteries like the complex at Lindisfarne off the coast of Northumberland, England.Įarly medieval art exists in many media. Conveying complex stories took precedence over producing naturalistic imagery, leading to a shift toward stylized and abstracted figures for most of the Early Middle Ages. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions-Vikings from the north, Hungarians from the east, and Saracens from the south.Īs literacy declined and printed material became available only to monks and nuns who copied illuminated manuscripts, art became the primary method of communicating narratives (usually of a Biblical nature) to the masses. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later eighth and early ninth century. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianize pagan Europe continued. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few remaining extant Roman institutions. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. Population decline, relocations to the countryside, invasion, and migration began in Late Antiquity and continued in the Early Middle Ages. However, a generally accepted scheme includes Early Christian art, Migration Period art, Byzantine art, Insular art, Carolingian art, Ottonian art, Romanesque art, and Gothic art, as well as many other periods within these central aesthetic styles. Art historians attempt to classify medieval art into major periods and styles with some difficulty, as medieval regions frequently featured distinct artistic styles such as Anglo-Saxon or Norse. It includes major art movements and periods, national and regional art, genres, and revivals. The Early Middle Ages is generally dated from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 CE) to approximately 1000, which marks the beginning of the Romanesque period. The reasons for the demise of the settlers in the 1400s are not known, but a worsening of the climate and faltering ship connections to Europe are likely to have been contributory factors.The Middle Ages of the European world covers approximately 1,000 years of art history in Europe, and at times extended into the Middle East and North Africa. They attempted to preserve their Western European culture, as shown by their clothes, which we are familiar with from finds of preserved textiles. The first settlers established themselves on the huge island around 980 and there were Norse settlers present in Greenland for almost 500 years. ![]() They were centres for crafts and trade, and archaeological finds testify to the extensive trading connections, capable craftsmen and the colourful social life of the towns.Ī special section of the exhibition deals with the Scandinavian settlers in Greenland. It was at this time that nearly all the towns that exist in modern Denmark first appeared. The Middle Ages was also a period for the towns of Denmark. Weapons and military equipment therefore inevitably form part of the exhibition on the Middle Ages. It was these noble landowners who undertook military service for the king but were able to control their estates without paying taxes to him. Medieval Denmark was an agricultural country characterized by the influence of great landowning families. However, kings, noblemen, and later on the merchants and craftsmen of the towns, also used works of art to signal their power, significance and social status. The Church was the medieval institution which utilised art most systematically. When only a few people could read, the use of images and symbols was vitally important to visualize the cohesion of society and the individual’s place in it. ![]() The medieval Church played an important role on many levels of society, and this is reflected in the exhibition at the National Museum, which contains many magnificent, unique and fascinating objects associated with the Church.Īpplied art was extensively used in the Middle Ages. In Denmark the term Middle Ages is used for the period from around the year 1000, when Denmark first became a Christian kingdom, until 1536, when the Lutheran Reformation defeated and replaced the Roman Catholic Church controlled by the Pope. ![]()
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